Thursday, July 31, 2014

Do Decision Aids Help Patients Make Difficult Choices? (CME/CE)

Do Decision Aids Help Patients Make Difficult Choices? (CME/CE)
MedPage Today Neurology

(MedPage Today) -- Decision aids designed to help patients make general healthcare choices, such as selecting a treatment location, provide some help, but condition-specific aids may provide the most useful information for patients and families.

Original Article: http://www.medpagetoday.com/PracticeManagement/Medicolegal/46974

Why New Tech Can't Please Everyone

Why New Tech Can't Please Everyone
Scientific American: Mind and Brain

Why it's nearly impossible to design new tech that will please everyone

-- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com


Original Article: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-new-tech-cant-please-everyone/

Saturday, July 26, 2014

MicroRNAs as Biomarkers in Pituitary Tumors

MicroRNAs as Biomarkers in Pituitary Tumors
Neurosurgery - Current Issue

image The use of extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) as circulating biomarkers is currently leading to relevant advances in the diagnosis and assessment of prognosis of several diseases. Specific miRNAs have also been shown to play a role in the pathophysiology of many neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. A number of studies have demonstrated that miRNAs show differential expression in various tumors, such as in the prostate, ovary, lung, breast, brain, and pituitary. Recent findings have built connections between miRNAs that are deregulated within the tumor and their presence in peripheral blood. MiRNAs have been shown to be stable in the blood where they are present in either free and/or uncomplexed form, as well as packed in microvesicles, exosomes, and apoptotic bodies, or bound to different proteins. Because the pituitary is a highly vascularized organ that releases hormones into the circulation, miRNAs would be useful biomarkers for the diagnosis of pituitary tumors, as well as for predicting or detecting recurrence after surgery. Here we review the biological significance of miRNAs in pituitary tumors and the potential value of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers. ABBREVIATIONS: ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone AGO, argonaute AKL, α-Klotho GH, growth hormone HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma HDL, high-density lipoprotein miRNA, microRNA NFA, nonfunctioning adenoma nt, nucleotide pre-miRNA, precursor micro-ribonucleic acid PRL, prolactin

Original Article: http://journals.lww.com/neurosurgery/Fulltext/2014/08000/MicroRNAs_as_Biomarkers_in_Pituitary_Tumors.22.aspx

Top-Ranked Hospitals for Cancer – U.S. News and World Report

Top-Ranked Hospitals for Cancer – U.S. News and World Report
National Comprehensive Cancer Network

U.S. News and World Report has issued its list of the 50 top-ranked cancer hospitals in the United States. This list features a number of NCCN Member Institutions, including the top five: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Mayo Clinic Cancer Center Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins   ...

Original Article: http://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/rankings/cancer

Wednesday, July 23, 2014

Management of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: Is there an optimal sequence of HER2-directed approaches?

Management of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: Is there an optimal sequence of HER2-directed approaches?
Cancer

The successful development of therapies targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has altered the natural progression of disease among patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. The monoclonal antibody trastuzumab was the first HER2-directed agent and it was associated with significantly improved outcomes for patients. Subsequently, other HER2-directed agents such as the monoclonal antibody pertuzumab, the tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor lapatinib, and the immunoconjugate trastuzumab emtansine were developed to overcome resistance to trastuzumab and provide additional treatment options for patients. Recent data have demonstrated that the use of these HER2-directed agents improves outcomes. However, with the emergence of new HER2-targeted agents, the optimal sequencing of treatment remains unclear. Ongoing research is investigating new HER2 combinations, the role of sequencing, novel HER2-directed agents, and combinations with other targeted agents to overcome resistance. Cancer 2014 © 2014 American Cancer Society.



Original Article: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi?DOI=10.1002/cncr.28815

Livro Impresso: Após um Tumor Cerebral

Livros apos um tumor cerebral - 15058212 (IDPROD_15058212-ISBN_9788564855915) - 58% de Economia - Buscapé



http://www.buscape.com.br/apos-um-tumor-cerebral-15058212-idprod-15058212-isbn-9788564855915.html#precos

WFNS - 15th Interim Meeting of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies - SEPTEMBER 8-12 | 2015

WFNS - 15th Interim Meeting of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies - SEPTEMBER 8-12 | 2015


http://www.wfnsinterimrome2015.org/

Why Science Is Important

Why Science Is Important
Scientific American: Mind and Brain

Our own track record proves that steady federal funding support leads to success

-- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com


Original Article: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-science-is-important/

Monday, July 21, 2014

New research: teaching the brain to reduce pain

New research: teaching the brain to reduce pain
Neurology News & Neuroscience News from Medical News Today

People can be conditioned to feel less pain when they hear a neutral sound, new research from the University of Luxembourg has found.

Original Article: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/279502.php

Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: The 2013 revisions

Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: The 2013 revisions
Neurology current issue

Accurate clinical course descriptions (phenotypes) of multiple sclerosis (MS) are important for communication, prognostication, design and recruitment of clinical trials, and treatment decision-making. Standardized descriptions published in 1996 based on a survey of international MS experts provided purely clinical phenotypes based on data and consensus at that time, but imaging and biological correlates were lacking. Increased understanding of MS and its pathology, coupled with general concern that the original descriptors may not adequately reflect more recently identified clinical aspects of the disease, prompted a re-examination of MS disease phenotypes by the International Advisory Committee on Clinical Trials of MS. While imaging and biological markers that might provide objective criteria for separating clinical phenotypes are lacking, we propose refined descriptors that include consideration of disease activity (based on clinical relapse rate and imaging findings) and disease progression. Strategies for future research to better define phenotypes are also outlined.



Original Article: http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/short/83/3/278?rss=1

[In Context] Does neurology need a faster FDA?

[In Context] Does neurology need a faster FDA?
The Lancet Neurology

The FDA's neurology division has been reported as the slowest of all the agency's divisions at approving new drugs. If this is true, the economic impact could be affecting drug innovation and ultimately patient care. But what, if anything, needs to be done? Adrian Burton investigates.

Original Article: http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(14)70162-0/fulltext?rss=yes

The role of diffusion tensor imaging in brain tumor surgery: A review of the literature

The role of diffusion tensor imaging in brain tumor surgery: A review of the literature
Neurosurgery News

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery

Original Article: http://www.mdlinx.com/neurology/news-article.cfm/5362289/?xml

Researchers advocate for more scientific research on consciousness

Researchers advocate for more scientific research on consciousness
Neurology News & Neuroscience News from Medical News Today

Why does a relentless stream of subjective experiences normally fill your mind? Maybe that's just one of those mysteries that will always elude us.

Original Article: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/279498.php

Top Hospitals for Neurology and Neurosurgery

Top Hospitals for Neurology and Neurosurgery
Medscape NeurologyHeadlines

US News & World Report ranks the top 10 US neurology and neurosurgery hospitals.
Medscape Medical News

Original Article: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/828289?src=rss

Sleep Deprivation Mimics Psychosis

Sleep Deprivation Mimics Psychosis
Medscape Today- Medscape

After being kept awake for 24 hours, healthy, sleep-deprived individuals exhibit response deficits that are key markers of schizophrenia.
Medscape Medical News

Original Article: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/828576?src=rss

Clinical Outcomes and Patterns of Failure in Pineoblastoma: A 30-year Single Institution Retrospective Review

Clinical Outcomes and Patterns of Failure in Pineoblastoma: A 30-year Single Institution Retrospective Review
ScienceDirect Publication: World Neurosurgery

Publication date:
Source:World Neurosurgery
Author(s): Benjamin Farnia , Pamela K. Allen , Paul D. Brown , Soumen Khatua , Nicholas B. Levine , Jing Li , Marta Penas-Prado , Anita Mahajan , Amol J. Ghia




Original Article: http://rss.sciencedirect.com/action/redirectFile?&zone=main¤tActivity=feed&usageType=outward&url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=GatewayURL&_origin=IRSSSEARCH&_method=citationSearch&_piikey=S187887501400669X&_version=1&md5=20a2a7435de904319093af95d85168c7

Outcome after surgical or conservative management of cerebral cavernous malformations

Outcome after surgical or conservative management of cerebral cavernous malformations
Neurosurgery News

Neurology®

Original Article: http://www.mdlinx.com/neurology/news-article.cfm/5381656/?xml

Sunday, July 13, 2014

PARANEOPLASTIC NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS

PARANEOPLASTIC NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry current issue

Paraneoplastic Neurological Disorders (PND) are uncommon but important because they frequently present before a cancer is diagnosed and because they cause severe neurological disability. Current thinking is that they are caused by an autoimmune response to 'onconeural' antigens, shared by the tumour and the nervous system, although the precise immunopathogenic mechanism is unknown. It is likely that there is an important cellular immune response as evidenced by the presence of lymphocytic infiltration and activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes, found in the CSF of affected patients.

PND may affect any part of the nervous system either focally (e.g. cerebellar degeneration) or diffusely (e.g. encephalomyelitis). Both the Central and Peripheral Nervous System may be affected, with antigenic targets being either intracellular (both nuclear and cytoplasmic) or extracellular (receptors and ion channels). As a general rule, PND associated with antibodies against intracellular targets cause predominantly CNS disorders while those associated with antibodies against extracellular antigens cause predominantly neuromuscular disorders.

PND affecting the CNS are commonly associated with specific anti-neuronal antibodies, which are present in both serum and CSF. A suspected diagnosis of PND should prompt a search for what may be a very small tumour, sometimes not visible with conventional imaging techniques. Fluoro-deoxyglucose–Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) scanning is helpful in this regard as it can visualise tumours down to a resolution of 6–8 mm anywhere in the body and is sometimes positive when chest X-ray and CT are negative. Current recommendations are that the search for cancer should continue for up to 5 years after diagnosis, except for Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) associated with Small cell Lung Cancer, where 2 years are sufficient.

Most CNS syndromes respond poorly to immunomodulatory treatment although occasional improvement is seen when the underlying tumour is treated. In contrast, disorders affecting the Neuromuscular Junction e.g. LEMS do improve with treatments that remove the relevant antibodies, directed against Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels.

Traditonally, PNS affect older patients with malignant tumours. Recently the spectrum of paraneoplasia has been broadened to include younger patients with benign tumours e.g. ovarian teratoma presenting with prodromal flu-like symptoms, psychiatric disturbance progressing to coma, movement disorders, autonomic instability and respiratory failure. These disorders are associated with antibodies directed against NMDA receptors in the hippocampi and improve with removal of the teratoma and plasma exchange.

The prognosis for the majority of PND is poor, even if the tumour is detected and treated, and patients may live in a severely disabled state for many years.



Original Article: http://jnnp.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/85/8/e3-d?rss=1

How tumors weaken blood barrier in brain cancer patients explained

How tumors weaken blood barrier in brain cancer patients explained
Neurology News & Neuroscience News from Medical News Today

Glioblastoma is difficult to treat because drugs cannot traverse the blood brain barrier. Now a study shows this aggressive tumor weakens the barrier, providing a window for drugs.

Original Article: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/279346.php

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases: a systematic review

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases: a systematic review
Radiation Oncology

In many patients with brain metastases, the primary therapeutic aim is symptom palliation and maintenance of neurologic function, but in a subgroup, long-term survival is possible. Local control in the brain, and absent or controlled extracranial sites of disease are prerequisites for favorable survival. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a focal, highly precise treatment option with a long track record. Its clinical development and implementation by several pioneering institutions eventually rendered possible cooperative group randomized trials. A systematic review of those studies and other landmark studies was undertaken. Most clinicians are aware of the potential benefits of SRS such as a short treatment time, a high probability of treated-lesion control and, when adhering to typical dose/volume recommendations, a low normal tissue complication probability. However, SRS as sole first-line treatment carries a risk of failure in non-treated brain regions, which has resulted in controversy around when to add whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). SRS might also be prescribed as salvage treatment in patients relapsing despite previous SRS and/or WBRT. An optimal balance between intracranial control and side effects requires continued research efforts.

Original Article: http://www.ro-journal.com/content/9/1/155

Wednesday, July 9, 2014

Quality of life and fatigue of patients with spinal bone metastases under combined treatment with resistance training and radiation therapy- a randomized pilot trial

Quality of life and fatigue of patients with spinal bone metastases under combined treatment with resistance training and radiation therapy- a randomized pilot trial
Radiation Oncology

Background: The aim of this trial was to compare the effects of resistance training versus passive physical therapy on quality of life (QoL), fatigue, and emotional distress outcomes during radiation therapy in patients with spinal bone metastases under radiotherapy (RT). Methods: In this randomized trial, 60 patients were treated from September 2011 until March 2013 into one of the two groups: isometric resistance training or physical therapy with thirty patients in each group during RT. EORTC QLQ-BM22, EORTC QLQ-FA13, and FBK-R10 were assessed at baseline, three months, and six months after RT. Results: Psychosocial aspects in resistance training group (Arm A) were significantly improved after three (p = 0.001) and six months (p = 0.010). Other rated items of the QLQ-BM22 painful site, and pain characteristics were without significant differences. Functional interference showed a positive trend after six months (p = 0.081). After six months, physical fatigue (p = 0.013), and interference with daily life (p = 0.006) according to the QLQ-FA13 assessment improved in Arm A significantly. Emotional distress was in Arm A lower after six months (p = 0.016). The Cohen's effect size confirmed the clinically significant improvement of these findings. Conclusions: In this group of patients we were able to show that guided isometric resistance training of the paravertebral muscles can improve functional capacity, reduce fatigue and thereby enhance QoL over a 6-months period in patients with stable spinal metastases. The results offer a rationale for future large controlled investigations to confirm these findings.Trial registration: Clinical trial identifier NCT 01409720.

Original Article: http://www.ro-journal.com/content/9/1/151

Does new evidence prove existence of 'chemo brain'?

Does new evidence prove existence of 'chemo brain'?
Neurology News & Neuroscience News from Medical News Today

'Chemo brain' is an anecdotal name for the memory problems experienced by some cancer patients following chemotherapy. A new study measures the cognitive decline in chemo patients.

Original Article: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/279265.php

Upfront stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with brain metastases from small cell lung cancer: retrospective analysis of 41 patients

Upfront stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with brain metastases from small cell lung cancer: retrospective analysis of 41 patients
Radiation Oncology

Background: Although the efficacy of prophylactic or therapeutic whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) for brain metastases (BM) from small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is well established, the role of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has yet to be determined. In the present retrospective analysis, we investigated whether upfront SRS might be an effective treatment option for patients with BM from SCLC. Methods: We analyzed 41 consecutive patients with a limited number of BM (<= 10) from SCLC who received SRS as the initial treatment. No prophylactic and therapeutic WBRT was given prior to SRS. The median patient age was 69 years and the median Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score was 90. Repeat SRS was given for new distant lesions detected on follow-up neuroradiological imaging, as necessary. Overall survival, neurological death, and local and distant BM recurrence rates were analyzed. The survival results were tested with three prognostic scoring systems validated for SCLC: Diagnosis-specific graded prognostic assessment (DS-GPA), Radiation therapy oncology group -recursive partitioning analysis and Rades's survival score. Results: One- and 2-year overall survival rates were 44% and 17%, respectively. The median survival time was 8.1 months. Survival results replicated the DS-GPA (P = 0.022) and Rades's survival score (P = 0.034). On multivariate analysis, patients with high KPS (hazard ratio (HR): 0.308, P = 0.009) and post-SRS chemotherapy (HR: 0.324, P = 0.016) had better overall survival. In total, 95/121 tumors (79%) in 34 patients (83%) with sufficient radiological follow-up data were evaluated. Six- and 12-month rates of local control failure were 0% and 14%, respectively. Six- and 12-month distant BM rates were 22% and 44%, respectively. Repeat SRS, salvage WBRT and microsurgery were subsequently required in 18, 7 and one patient, respectively. Symptomatic radiation injury developed in two patients and both were treated conservatively. Conclusions: Our survival analyses with the validated prognostic grading systems suggested upfront SRS for limited BM from SCLC to be a potential treatment option, with patient survival being slightly more than eight months after SRS. Although SRS provided durable local tumor control, repeat treatment was needed in nearly half of patients to achieve control of distant BM.

Original Article: http://www.ro-journal.com/content/9/1/152

Saturday, July 5, 2014

Determining the effectiveness of brain cancer treatment via biomarker

Determining the effectiveness of brain cancer treatment via biomarker
Neurology News & Neuroscience News from Medical News Today

Researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine have identified a new biomarker that predicts whether glioblastoma - the most common form of primary brain cancer - will...

Original Article: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/279092.php

Preoperative Tumor Embolization

Preoperative Tumor Embolization
Neurosurgery Clinics of North America

In this article, the authors review general principles and technical details of preoperative embolization of various hypervascular head, neck, and spinal tumors encountered in contemporary neuroendovascular practice. Indications, treatment goals, techniques, outcomes, and complications are discussed, and illustrative case examples are presented.

Original Article: http://www.neurosurgery.theclinics.com/article/S1042-3680(14)00041-2/abstract?rss=yes

Friday, July 4, 2014

APÓS UM TUMOR CEREBRAL

Confira livro no iTunes:

artwork

APÓS UM TUMOR CEREBRAL

Júlio Pereira

Medicina, Livros, Profissional e técnico

23/01/2010

Visualizar Item

Esta obra narra a história de um médico neurocirurgião que descobre que tem um tumor cerebral, após essa descoberta ele resolveu escrever um livro sobre seu dia-dia lidando com doentes graves. O livro vai revelando o médico e seus pacientes, cada um deles com seus medos e suas preocupações.

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Thursday, July 3, 2014

Experts cite 'misconceptions' on brain metastases

Experts cite 'misconceptions' on brain metastases
Neurology News & Neuroscience News from Medical News Today

"Key historical misconceptions" are hindering progress in research and treatment for patients with cancer metastases to the brain, suggests a special article in the July issue of Neurosurgery...

Original Article: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/278759.php

[Correspondence] Addressing overdiagnosis and overtreatment in cancer

[Correspondence] Addressing overdiagnosis and overtreatment in cancer
The Lancet Oncology

Mass screening for solid cancers or precancerous lesions is based on the belief that if cancers can be found early—ie, before presentation with clinical symptoms—therapy is more likely to be successful. Unfortunately, screening can also sometimes lead to the discovery of lesions that pathologists call cancer, but these diagnoses are too early—ie, they are lesions that would never progress to clinically apparent disease if simply left alone. Aggressive treatment of these lesions is the major source of patient harm that can be attributed to cancer screening, producing diagnosis survivors who are mistakenly regarded as cancer survivors.

Original Article: http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(14)70247-5/fulltext?rss=yes

Treatment fractionation for stereotactic radiotherapy of lung tumours: a modelling study of the influence of chronic and acute hypoxia on tumour control probability

Treatment fractionation for stereotactic radiotherapy of lung tumours: a modelling study of the influence of chronic and acute hypoxia on tumour control probability
Radiation Oncology - Latest Articles

Background: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has led to promising local control and overall survival for fractionation schemes with increasingly high fractional doses. A point has however been reached where the number of fractions used might be too low to allow efficient local inter-fraction reoxygenation of the hypoxic cells residing in the tumour. It was therefore the purpose of this study to investigate the impact of hypoxia and extreme hypofractionation on the tumour control probability (TCP) from SBRT. Methods: A three-dimensional model of tumour oxygenation able to simulate oxygenation changes on the microscale was used. The TCP was determined for clinically relevant SBRT fractionation schedules of 1, 3 and 5 fractions assuming either static tumour oxygenation or that the oxygenation changes locally between fractions due to fast reoxygenation of acute hypoxia without an overall reduction in chronic hypoxia. Results: For the schedules applying three or five fractions the doses required to achieve satisfying levels of TCP were considerably lower when local oxygenation changes were assumed compared to the case of static oxygenation; a decrease in D50 of 17.7 Gy was observed for a five-fractions schedule applied to a 20% hypoxic tumour when fast reoxygenation was modelled. Assuming local oxygenation changes, the total doses required for a tumor control probability of 50% were of similar size for one, three and five fractions. Conclusions: Although attractive from a practical point of view, extreme hypofractionation using just one single fraction may result in impaired local control of hypoxic tumours, as it eliminates the possibility for any kind of reoxygenation.

Original Article: http://www.ro-journal.com/content/9/1/149

Cancer Death Rate Depends on Geography

Cancer Death Rate Depends on Geography
Scientific American: Mind and Brain

Despite a huge amount of funding and research, regional and individual differences in cancer trends make it a hard disease to wipe out

-- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com


Original Article: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/cancer-death-rate-depends-on-geography/

How do neurologists make decisions?

How do neurologists make decisions?
JNNP blog

I have often wondered about the fate of those patients that I see once or twice and then who seem to vanish into the wilderness. I have occasionally seen some of these patients at a shopping centre or walking down the street, and I must admit to a sense of relief that they are ambulant, functioning and not appearing terribly disabled. However, these patients are in the minority. In most cases, you either see a patient at regular intervals or you just never see them again.

So, what happens to these patients? Well, given how busy clinical practice can become, doctors don't have the time and possibly the energy to think about all those patients who got away. May be they are fine, perhaps they are not and decided to look elsewhere for a solution to their problem. In any case, you don't really know if you got it right or if you got it wrong. Personally, I am sure that I make many mistakes and that sometimes these are inconsequential and therefore overlooked by patients, while at other times perhaps they do result in some distress for the patient. The issue for me is feedback from my colleagues. I would love to know how and why I got something wrong as that is the only way to improve. But from my personal experience I know that it is difficult to tell a colleague that he/she got the diagnosis wrong, unless they have specifically requested your opinion regarding a patient. So, without knowing what happened you really can't work on getting better at what you do.

In this JNNP podcast, we hear from Professor Martin Samuels (1). He is a highly distinguished neurologist from Harvard. He talks to Professor Huw Morris on clinical decision making, the 'benefits' of making mistakes and apologising to patients when you get it wrong.

  1. https://soundcloud.com/bmjpodcasts/how-neurologists-think-what-my-errors-taught-me?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+pn%2Fpodcasts+%28Latest+from+PN+podcasts%29&g=w_jnnp_podcasts_sidetab) .


Original Article: http://blogs.bmj.com/jnnp/2014/07/01/how-do-neurologists-make-decisions/

Wednesday, July 2, 2014

HIV Patients Less Likely to Get Cancer Treatment

HIV Patients Less Likely to Get Cancer Treatment
Cancer: MedlinePlus

Challenges in managing side effects may prompt some doctors to treat tumors less aggressively, researchers suggest

HealthDay news image

Source: HealthDay

Original Article: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_147082.html